COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, EVOLUTION, AND STRUCTURE MODELING OF DIGESTIVE LIPASE GENES REVEALS THE DIFFERENT EVOLUTIONARY SELECTION BETWEEN MAMMALS AND FISHES

Vertebrates need suitable lipases to digest lipids for the requirement of energy and essential nutrients; however, the main digestive lipase genes of fishes have certain controversies.In this study, two types of digestive lipase genes (pancreatic lipase (pl) and bile salt-activated lipase (bsal)) were identified in mammals and fishes.The neighborho

Abstract Insecticide use is pervasive as a selective force in modern agroecosystems.Insect herbivores exposed to these insecticides have been able to rapidly evolve resistance to them, but how they are able to do so is poorly understood.One possible but largely unexplored explanation is that exposure to sublethal doses of insecticides may alter epi

Organismal traits and their evolution can strongly influence food web structure and dynamics.To what extent the evolution of such traits impacts food web structure, however, is poorly understood.Here, we investigate a simple powder cleanser three-species omnivory food web module where the attack rates of all predators evolve as ecological dynamics

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most extensively used flavour enhancers worldwide.Although it is widely regarded as a safe food additive with no recommended daily dosage, its over-consumption has been associated with notably pathophysiological events in various tissues and left vent organs of the body.Previous studies have reported of the